A total of 130,000 individual radio antennas, along with associated electronics, will be built and spread over thousands of square kilometres at CSIRO’s Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO), approximately 800 kilometres north of Perth.
This will work in tandem with an array of 197 dishes located in the Karoo in South Africa, north of Cape Town.
To be built by a global collaboration of 14 countries, the SKA will be one of the world’s largest science facilities, exploring the entire history and evolution of the universe, and uncovering advances in fundamental physics.
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Preparatory work in Western Australia has accelerated over the last two years through an international partnership of SKA countries (Australia, China, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, and the UK) driven by ICRAR’S Curtin University node and Italy’s Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (National Institute of Astrophysics).
Recently, this significant effort culminated in a successful System Critical Design Review conducted by the SKA Organisation, located near Manchester, UK, which co-ordinates the activities of the global collaboration.
Curtin University's-ICRAR leader, John Curtin Distinguished Professor Steven Tingay, said, "We have now passed the last major technical milestone before the international community commences construction of the SKA, with a budget of €1.87 billion over its first 10 years."
Alongside the engineering preparations, scientific preparations continue apace, with big discoveries in astrophysics led by West Australian astronomers using the SKA precursor telescopes ASKAP and the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) over the last decade.
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"Over the last seven years, the Commonwealth government has supported my team with $10.1 million to reach this milestone, and a significant fraction of these funds has helped Western Australian industry to get ready for SKA construction contracts, especially around Geraldton and the state’s mid-west," Professor Tingay added.
The search for the first stars 13 billion years ago, the discovery of missing matter in the universe, and galaxy surveys of unprecedented scale feature among fundamental advances from the precursor telescopes, ready to be taken to the next level with the SKA.
Both the Commonwealth and WA governments have strongly supported the development of the SKA project over a significant period of time, and preparing West Australian industry, particularly regionally, for when construction starts is especially important in light of the impacts of COVID-19.
Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, the SKA project will play a part in economic recovery, injecting hundreds of millions of much-needed dollars into the regional, Western Australian and Australian economies, as well as those of other SKA countries, over many years.
WA Minister for Science Dave Kelly said, "All West Australians can be proud that our state is going to be the home to the SKA, one of the biggest science projects in human history. Since 2009, the WA government has provided funding of $71 million for ICRAR to attract the SKA to Western Australia and maximise benefits for the state through research, job creation, diversification of the economy and innovation."
Professor Tingay said Western Australia had placed itself at the forefront of international scientific research, including the readiness of West Australian industry.
"We are looking forward to commencing SKA construction, along with our international partners, between Curtin University and the University of Western Australia via ICRAR, with CSIRO as Australia’s SKA host organisation, with our Western Australian industry partners, and with the SKA Observatory in the UK," he said.
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